Objective To understand the status quo and influencing factors of safe behavior of new nurses,in order to provide a theoretical basis for managers to do a good job in the management and training of new nurses,improve their level of safe behavior,and ensure medical safety. Methods In September 2020,the convenience sampling method was used to select nurses enrolled in 4 tertiary A hospitals in Shandong Province from September 2018 to September 2019 as the research subjects. A general data questionnaire,Nurse Safety Behavior Questionnaire,Patient Safety Culture Assessment Scale,Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire,Patient Safety Competency Self-rating Scale of Nurses were used to investigate. Results The safety behavior score of 454 new nurses was（56.56±5.19）;the safety behavior of new nurses was positively correlated with patients’ safety culture perception（except pressure dimension）,organizational support,total score of patients’ safety competence and all dimensions,and negatively correlated with the pressure dimension of patients’ safety culture perception;AMOS analysis showed that patients’ safety culture perception and patient safety competence had a direct positive impact on the safety behavior of new nurses（β=0.246,β=0.048,both P<0.001）. Bootstrap analysis showed that organizational support and patient safety competence had significant mediating effects on patients’ safety culture perception and nurses’ safety behavior（95%CI 0.031-0.091）. The total effect of new nurses’ patients safety culture perception on nurses’ safety behavior was 0.242（P<0.001,95%CI：0.207-0.277）,and the direct effect was 0.094（P<0.001,95%CI：0.049-0.140）. The indirect effect was 0.148（P<0.001,95%CI：0.085-0.215）,and the mediating effect accounted for 61.16% of the total effect value. Conclusion Organizational support and patient safety competency play a mediating role between patient safety culture perception and safety behavior of new nurses. The hospital should strengthen cultural awareness training for new nurses security,strengthen occupational stress management. The safety cognitive level and safety competency of the new nurses can be improved by the construction of a positive safety culture atmosphere,so as to raise the safety behavior level of new nurses.